1. Left atrial hypertrophy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The P-wave widens and appears as a bimodal pattern, with the most prominent in leads I, II, and aVL, also known as mitral valve type P-wave. The PR segment is shortened, and the P-wave in lead V1 first appears positive, followed by a deep and wide negative wave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Right atrial hypertrophy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The P-wave is sharp and towering, with an amplitude greater than 0.25mV. Due to the increase of the downward P-vector, it is most prominent in leads II, III, and aVF of the electrocardiogram, known as the “lung type P-wave”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Left ventricular hypertrophy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) The QRS complex voltage increases: RV5>2.5mV, RV5+SV1>4.0mV (male) or>3.5mV (female).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) The electrocardiogram axis deviates to the left.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) The QRS complex time was extended to 0.10-0.11 seconds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(4) ST-T changes, with R waves dominant in leads, where T waves are low, flat, bidirectional, or inverted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Right ventricular hypertrophy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) V1 lead R\/S>1, V5 lead R\/S<1, and the QRS complex of V1 or V3 R shows RS, RSR \u2032, R, or QR patterns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) RV1+SV5>1.2mV, R\/Q or R\/S>1 for aVR leads, RaVR>0.5mV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) The electrocardiogram axis deviates to the right, and in severe cases, it can be>+110 \u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(4) V1 or V3 R and other right chest leads have ST-T downshifting>0.05mV, and T-waves are low, flat, bidirectional, or inverted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. Myocardial infarction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) Ischemic T wave changes: Ischemia occurs on the endocardial surface, with high and upright T waves; If it occurs on the epicardial surface, symmetrical T-wave inversion occurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) Injury type S-T segment change: The leads facing the injured myocardium show elevation of the S-T segment, which can form a single-phase curve with significant elevation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) Necrosis type Q-wave appearance: Abnormal Q-waves (width \u2265 0.04s, depth \u2265 1\/4R) or QS waves appear in leads facing the necrotic area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. Atrial premature contractions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) The early appearance of atrial P ‘differs in morphology from sinus P wave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) P \u2032 – R interval \u2265 0.12s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) There is a normal QRS complex after atrial P ‘wave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(4) Intermittent compensation is incomplete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7. Ventricular premature contractions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) The QRS-T complex with early onset of broad malformations does not have any ectopic P-waves before it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) The QRS time limit is often \u2265 0.12s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) The direction of the T-wave is opposite to the direction of the QRS main wave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(4) There are often complete compensatory intervals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
8. Junctional premature contractions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) The QRS complex that appeared in advance has a basically normal morphology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) The occurrence of retrograde P ‘wave can occur before QRS (P’ – R<0.12s), after QRS (R-P ‘<0.20s), or overlap with QRS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) There are often complete compensatory intervals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
9. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) Equivalent to a series of continuous and rapid atrial or junctional premature beats, with a frequency of 150-250\/min and a regular rhythm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) The QRS complex morphology is basically normal, with a time of \u2264 0.10s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) There is no change in ST-T, or the S-T segment shifts downward and the T-wave is inverted during the onset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
10. Atrial fibrillation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) The P-wave disappears and is replaced by F-waves of varying sizes, spacing, and shapes, with frequencies ranging from 350 to 600 beats per minute, with the V1 lead being the most prominent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) The ventricular rhythm is absolutely irregular, with a ventricular rate typically between 120 to 180 beats per minute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) The QRS complex morphology is usually normal. When the ventricular rate is too fast, indoor differential conduction occurs, and the QRS complex widens and deforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
11. Ventricular fibrillation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) The P-wave disappears and is replaced by F-waves of varying sizes, spacing, and shapes, with frequencies ranging from 350 to 600 beats per minute, with the V1 lead being the most prominent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) The ventricular rhythm is absolutely irregular, with a ventricular rate typically between 120 to 180 beats per minute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) The QRS complex morphology is usually normal. When the ventricular rate is too fast, indoor differential conduction occurs, and the QRS complex widens and deforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
12. Atrioventricular block<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(1) First degree atrioventricular block: \u2460 QRS complex is present after sinus P wave. \u2461 The P-R interval was extended by \u2265 0.21 s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) Second degree type I atrioventricular block: \u2460 The P-wave pattern appears, and the P-R interval is gradually prolonged until ventricular leakage occurs (there is no QRS complex after the P-wave). \u2461 After a missed beat, the P-R interval tends to shorten again, and then gradually extends until the missed beat repeats itself The time and morphology of the QRS complex are mostly normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) Second degree type II atrioventricular block: \u2460 P-R interval is constant (normal or prolonged). \u2461 Partial absence of QRS complex after P-wave (occurrence of ventricular leakage) The ratio of atrioventricular conduction is generally 2:1 or 3:2, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(4) Third degree atrioventricular block (complete atrioventricular block): \u2460 There is no fixed relationship between the P-wave and QRS complex, and the spacing between P-P and R-R has their own fixed patterns. \u2461 Atrial rate>ventricular rate. \u2462 The QRS complex has normal or wide malformation morphology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The above are common types of abnormal ECG. There are now portable ECG\u00a0recorders<\/a> (such as Plus1Health<\/a>) that can monitor and record ECG\u00a0in real-time at any time, automatically analyze and generate reports. There is also an ECG, which can be accessed anytime and anywhere, making it convenient for doctors to refer to.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 1. Left atrial hypertrophy The P-wave widens and appears as a bimodal pattern, with the most prominent in leads I, II, and aVL, also known as mitral valve type P-wave. The PR segment is shortened, and the P-wave in lead V1 first appears positive, followed by a deep and wide negative wave. 2. Right atrial …<\/p>\n